1TFG

AN UNUSUAL FEATURE REVEALED BY THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AT 2.2 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION OF HUMAN TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA2

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d1tfga_	Small proteins	Cystine-knot cytokines	Cystine-knot cytokines	Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta	TGF-beta2	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Cystine-knot cytokines	8038776	3000846	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	TGF_beta	e1tfgA1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: Cystine-knot cytokines (From Topology)	H: Cystine-knot cytokines (From Topology)	T: Cystine-knot cytokines	F: TGF_beta	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	2.10.90.10	Mainly Beta	Ribbon	Cystine Knot Cytokines, subunit B	Cystine-knot cytokines	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF00019	Transforming growth factor beta like domain (TGF_beta)	Transforming growth factor beta like domain	-	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR, BETA 2	amide binding amyloid-beta binding binding peptide binding protein binding signaling receptor binding identical protein binding protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity signaling receptor regulator activity growth factor activity receptor ligand activity amide binding amyloid-beta binding binding peptide binding protein binding signaling receptor binding identical protein binding protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity signaling receptor regulator activity growth factor activity receptor ligand activity signaling receptor activator activity transforming growth factor beta receptor binding cytokine receptor binding type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding cytokine activity	cellular response to stimulus positive regulation of cell communication cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway regulation of cellular process positive regulation of signal transduction response to stimulus signaling regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway positive regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette cellular response to stimulus positive regulation of cell communication cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway regulation of cellular process positive regulation of signal transduction response to stimulus signaling regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway positive regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette signal transduction enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of cellular process regulation of biological process regulation of signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway biological regulation positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway SMAD protein signal transduction regulation of response to stimulus regulation of cell communication cellular process regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction positive regulation of signaling developmental process multicellular organismal process gland development animal organ development salivary gland development anatomical structure morphogenesis multicellular organism development gland morphogenesis salivary gland morphogenesis anatomical structure development animal organ morphogenesis exocrine system development system development heart development circulatory system development cardiac chamber morphogenesis heart morphogenesis ventricular septum development cardiac septum development cardiac septum morphogenesis ventricular septum morphogenesis cardiac chamber development cardiac ventricle development cellular developmental process cardiocyte differentiation cardioblast differentiation stem cell differentiation cell differentiation cell chemotaxis chemotaxis neutrophil chemotaxis response to external stimulus neutrophil migration granulocyte migration leukocyte migration cellular response to chemical stimulus taxis immune system process granulocyte chemotaxis response to chemical myeloid leukocyte migration cell migration cell motility leukocyte chemotaxis locomotion hemopoiesis cell development regulation of developmental process epidermis development molting cycle process regulation of hair cycle catagen hair cycle phase positive regulation of hair follicle maturation positive regulation of developmental process regulation of timing of catagen skin epidermis development hair follicle development regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of timing of catagen hair follicle maturation epithelium development regulation of hair follicle maturation regulation of multicellular organismal development biological phase hair cycle developmental maturation tissue development positive regulation of hair follicle development skin development anatomical structure maturation molting cycle regulation of hair follicle development positive regulation of multicellular organismal process hair cycle process heart valve development heart valve morphogenesis epidermis morphogenesis morphogenesis of an epithelium tissue morphogenesis hair follicle morphogenesis substantia propria of cornea development positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription RNA metabolic process positive regulation of miRNA transcription positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process regulation of RNA metabolic process miRNA transcription positive regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of miRNA metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process miRNA metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process primary metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process positive regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process metabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of metabolic process regulation of miRNA transcription outflow tract septum morphogenesis outflow tract morphogenesis organic hydroxy compound metabolic process dopamine metabolic process catechol-containing compound metabolic process amine metabolic process biogenic amine biosynthetic process catecholamine metabolic process amine biosynthetic process dopamine biosynthetic process phenol-containing compound metabolic process organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process catecholamine biosynthetic process phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process biogenic amine metabolic process embryonic epithelial tube formation chordate embryonic development tube formation embryo development epithelial tube formation tube morphogenesis primary neural tube formation embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching epithelial tube morphogenesis morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium neural tube development tube development embryonic morphogenesis nervous system development neural tube closure neural tube formation anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis tube closure cell morphogenesis odontogenesis response to stress response to wounding regulation of immune effector process negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production cytokine production regulation of cytokine production negative regulation of cellular process regulation of immune system process myeloid leukocyte cytokine production cytokine production involved in immune response negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process production of molecular mediator of immune response negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response immune response negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of immune effector process negative regulation of cytokine production immune effector process negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response negative regulation of gene expression regulation of macrophage cytokine production negative regulation of immune system process negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response negative regulation of multicellular organismal process macrophage cytokine production blood vessel morphogenesis artery development pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis vasculature development pharyngeal system development artery morphogenesis blood vessel development cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis cardiac ventricle morphogenesis cellular response to growth factor stimulus cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to transforming growth factor beta transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway response to growth factor transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis striated muscle tissue development muscle structure development ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis muscle tissue development muscle organ development cardiac muscle tissue development muscle tissue morphogenesis cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis heart trabecula morphogenesis trabecula morphogenesis muscle organ morphogenesis cell cycle regulation of cell cycle positive regulation of cell cycle regulation of growth regulation of cellular component organization growth positive regulation of cell growth regulation of cell growth cell growth cellular component organization positive regulation of growth cellular component organization or biogenesis cardiac atrium morphogenesis cardiac atrium development atrial septum morphogenesis atrial septum development aorta morphogenesis aorta development ascending aorta development ascending aorta morphogenesis regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulation of cell differentiation mesenchyme development positive regulation of cell differentiation epithelial to mesenchymal transition mesenchymal cell differentiation cell population proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation reproductive system development reproductive process uterus development developmental process involved in reproduction reproductive structure development positive regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation endocardial cushion morphogenesis endocardial cushion development cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition mesenchyme morphogenesis endocardial cushion formation regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation wound healing glial cell migration neurogenesis gliogenesis angiogenesis regulation of vasculature development regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis negative regulation of developmental process negative regulation of angiogenesis negative regulation of vasculature development regulation of angiogenesis somatic stem cell division stem cell division cell division positive regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility positive regulation of cell migration positive regulation of epithelial cell migration tissue migration ameboidal-type cell migration positive regulation of cell motility regulation of cell migration epithelial cell migration regulation of epithelial cell migration epithelium migration regulation of locomotion gonad development sex differentiation male gonad development male sex differentiation development of primary male sexual characteristics development of primary sexual characteristics regulation of cellular response to stress stress-activated MAPK cascade cellular response to stress regulation of response to stress positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade positive regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade MAPK cascade heart growth developmental growth cardiac muscle cell proliferation organ growth muscle cell proliferation cardiac muscle tissue growth striated muscle cell proliferation response to ketone response to lipid response to hormone response to steroid hormone response to progesterone response to oxygen-containing compound response to organic cyclic compound skeletal system development ear development sensory organ development inner ear development membranous septum morphogenesis neuron apoptotic process positive regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process regulation of programmed cell death cell death positive regulation of apoptotic process apoptotic process positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process programmed cell death regulation of neuron apoptotic process negative regulation of cell growth negative regulation of growth epithelial cell differentiation extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of cellular component organization plasma membrane organization integrin biosynthetic process endomembrane system organization membrane organization positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process regulation of integrin biosynthetic process positive regulation of cell division regulation of cell division regulation of protein modification process positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of catalytic activity regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process positive regulation of molecular function positive regulation of protein modification process regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process protein metabolic process positive regulation of protein kinase activity phosphorus metabolic process protein modification process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation protein phosphorylation positive regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of catalytic activity regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of molecular function positive regulation of kinase activity regulation of kinase activity activation of protein kinase activity macromolecule modification regulation of phosphorylation regulation of phosphorus metabolic process collagen fibril organization extracellular matrix organization supramolecular fiber organization extracellular structure organization external encapsulating structure organization secondary palate development roof of mouth development apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis apoptotic process involved in development apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis regulation of apoptotic process involved in development regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis generation of neurons response to decreased oxygen levels response to hypoxia response to oxygen levels response to abiotic stimulus regulation of transforming growth factor beta production regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production transforming growth factor beta2 production transforming growth factor beta production negative regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of epithelial cell proliferation epithelial cell proliferation negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation kidney development renal system development eye development retina development in camera-type eye visual system development neural retina development camera-type eye development sensory system development heart process system process regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process positive regulation of blood circulation positive regulation of heart contraction circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation heart contraction blood circulation regulation of cardioblast differentiation positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation regulation of stem cell differentiation positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation positive regulation of stem cell differentiation regulation of cardiocyte differentiation cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules endocardial cushion fusion cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis positive regulation of immune response regulation of immune response positive regulation of immune system process cranial skeletal system development digestive system development digestive tract development embryonic organ development embryonic digestive tract development small GTPase-mediated signal transduction negative regulation of signaling regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication regulation of Ras protein signal transduction negative regulation of response to stimulus Ras protein signal transduction negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction negative regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction limb development appendage development embryonic limb morphogenesis embryonic appendage morphogenesis appendage morphogenesis limb morphogenesis positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin regulation of cell adhesion cell adhesion mediated by integrin protein localization regulation of localization establishment of protein localization cellular localization nitrogen compound transport regulation of protein localization transport positive regulation of establishment of protein localization positive regulation of secretion by cell protein localization to extracellular region positive regulation of protein transport localization regulation of secretion by cell secretion by cell positive regulation of secretion cellular macromolecule localization regulation of transport secretion regulation of establishment of protein localization establishment of protein localization to extracellular region export from cell regulation of protein transport protein secretion establishment of localization positive regulation of protein secretion regulation of protein secretion regulation of secretion positive regulation of transport protein transport regulation of cellular localization macromolecule localization positive regulation of protein localization pulmonary valve morphogenesis pulmonary valve development semi-lunar valve development negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation negative regulation of cell differentiation negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition negative regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition rhythmic process ovulation cycle ovulation cycle process multicellular organismal reproductive process uterine wall breakdown septum primum development atrial septum primum morphogenesis Notch signaling pathway regulation of Notch signaling pathway positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway neuron differentiation neuron development cell junction organization cell-cell junction organization atrioventricular valve development atrioventricular valve morphogenesis	cellular anatomical structure extracellular region extracellular space cell periphery extracellular matrix external encapsulating structure collagen-containing extracellular matrix membrane-bounded organelle vesicle lumen intracellular anatomical structure intracellular vesicle membrane-enclosed lumen cytoplasmic vesicle lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical structure extracellular region extracellular space cell periphery extracellular matrix external encapsulating structure collagen-containing extracellular matrix membrane-bounded organelle vesicle lumen intracellular anatomical structure intracellular vesicle membrane-enclosed lumen cytoplasmic vesicle lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle secretory granule lumen endomembrane system intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle cytoplasmic vesicle organelle lumen organelle secretory granule secretory vesicle cytoplasm platelet alpha granule vesicle platelet alpha granule lumen somatodendritic compartment cell body neuronal cell body axon cell projection neuron projection plasma membrane bounded cell projection

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR029034	Cystine-knot cytokine	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR003940	Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein	Family
A	IPR017948	Transforming growth factor beta, conserved site	Conserved Site
A	IPR001839	Transforming growth factor-beta, C-terminal	Domain
A	IPR016319	Transforming growth factor-beta	Family
A	IPR015615	Transforming growth factor-beta-related	Family
A	IPR001111	TGF-beta, propeptide	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: P61812	Loeys-Dietz syndrome thoracic aortic aneurysm aortic valve insufficiency cleft palate glaucoma Loeys-Dietz syndrome 4 malignant mesothelioma Urogenital Abnormalities endometriosis cholangitis ureteral obstruction autoimmune disease familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection intellectual disability aortic aneurysm Loeys-Dietz syndrome thoracic aortic aneurysm aortic valve insufficiency cleft palate glaucoma Loeys-Dietz syndrome 4 malignant mesothelioma Urogenital Abnormalities endometriosis cholangitis ureteral obstruction autoimmune disease familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection intellectual disability aortic aneurysm lung adenocarcinoma arthrogryposis malignant ependymoma Marfan syndrome cerebrovascular disorder non-small cell lung carcinoma polycystic ovary syndrome cystic fibrosis large cell medulloblastoma lung cancer atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor malignant glioma breast cancer medulloblastoma ovarian cancer psoriasis Ehlers-Danlos syndrome glioblastoma lung carcinoma cancer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pilocytic astrocytoma congenital heart disease

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.