6NTS

Protein Phosphatase 2A (Aalpha-B56alpha-Calpha) holoenzyme in complex with a Small Molecule Activator of PP2A (SMAP)

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations
Protein Modification Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	ARM repeat-like	8038568	3000116	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B	SCOP2 Family	B56-like	8099175	4001530	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
B	SCOP2 Superfamily	ARM repeat-like	8099176	3000116	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
C	SCOP2B Superfamily	Metallo-dependent phosphatases	8039778	3001067	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	CLASP_N_1	e6ntsA1	A: alpha superhelices	X: Repetitive alpha hairpins	H: ARM repeat (From Topology)	T: ARM repeat	F: CLASP_N_1	ECOD (1.6)
B	B56	e6ntsB1	A: alpha superhelices	X: Repetitive alpha hairpins	H: ARM repeat (From Topology)	T: ARM repeat	F: B56	ECOD (1.6)
C	Metallophos_2_1	e6ntsC1	A: a+b four layers	X: Carbon-nitrogen hydrolase-like	H: Metallo-dependent phosphatases (From Topology)	T: Metallo-dependent phosphatases	F: Metallophos_2_1	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	1.25.10.10	Mainly Alpha	Alpha Horseshoe	Leucine-rich Repeat Variant	Leucine-rich Repeat Variant	CATH (utative)
B	1.25.10.10	Mainly Alpha	Alpha Horseshoe	Leucine-rich Repeat Variant	Leucine-rich Repeat Variant	CATH (utative)
C	3.60.21.10	Alpha Beta	4-Layer Sandwich	Purple Acid Phosphatase	chain A, domain 2	CATH (utative)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF02985	HEAT repeat (HEAT)	HEAT repeat	-	Repeat
C	PF00149	Calcineurin-like phosphoesterase (Metallophos)	Calcineurin-like phosphoesterase	This family includes a diverse range of phosphoesterases [1], including protein phosphoserine phosphatases, nucleotidases, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterases and 2'-3' cAMP phosphodiesterases as well as nucleases such as bacterial SbcD Swiss:P13457 or ...	This family includes a diverse range of phosphoesterases [1], including protein phosphoserine phosphatases, nucleotidases, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterases and 2'-3' cAMP phosphodiesterases as well as nucleases such as bacterial SbcD Swiss:P13457 or yeast MRE11 Swiss:P32829. The most conserved regions in this superfamily centre around the metal chelating residues.	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform	protein antigen binding protein binding binding antigen binding enzyme regulator activity phosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity protein phosphatase regulator activity phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds phosphatase activity protein antigen binding protein binding binding antigen binding enzyme regulator activity phosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity protein phosphatase regulator activity phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds phosphatase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity protein heterodimerization activity protein dimerization activity	cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis meiotic spindle elongation meiotic chromosome segregation sexual reproduction spindle elongation reproductive process microtubule cytoskeleton organization meiotic cell cycle process cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis meiotic spindle elongation meiotic chromosome segregation sexual reproduction spindle elongation reproductive process microtubule cytoskeleton organization meiotic cell cycle process meiotic nuclear division cell cycle chromosome segregation spindle organization cell cycle process meiotic cell cycle organelle fission meiotic spindle organization organelle organization nuclear division nuclear chromosome segregation microtubule-based process cytoskeleton organization mitotic nuclear division chromosome organization sister chromatid segregation mitotic cell cycle mitotic cell cycle process chromosome separation mitotic sister chromatid segregation mitotic sister chromatid separation sister chromatid cohesion meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric centromeric sister chromatid cohesion meiotic sister chromatid cohesion cellular response to stimulus positive regulation of cell communication regulation of cellular process positive regulation of signal transduction response to stimulus signal transduction in absence of ligand signaling positive regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction regulation of programmed cell death positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway cell communication positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of response to stimulus extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand signal transduction positive regulation of cellular process regulation of biological process regulation of signaling positive regulation of programmed cell death cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of apoptotic process biological regulation positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway cell death positive regulation of apoptotic process regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand regulation of cell communication apoptotic process programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of signaling regulation of growth growth multicellular organismal process multicellular organismal-level homeostasis leukocyte homeostasis T cell homeostasis homeostatic process immune system process homeostasis of number of cells lymphocyte homeostasis multicellular organismal reproductive process female gamete generation gamete generation female meiotic nuclear division hippo signaling negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of biological process intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of hippo signaling negative regulation of signal transduction regulation of hippo signaling regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation cellular developmental process regulation of reproductive process cell development cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism developmental process involved in reproduction oocyte development cell differentiation anatomical structure development cell maturation regulation of cell cycle developmental process regulation of cell cycle process oogenesis regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation developmental maturation anatomical structure maturation germ cell development oocyte maturation oocyte differentiation regulation of developmental process regulation of cell differentiation	membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle phosphatase complex protein-containing complex catalytic complex protein phosphatase type 2A complex protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle phosphatase complex protein-containing complex catalytic complex protein phosphatase type 2A complex protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex membrane extracellular exosome extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle cytosol membraneless organelle chromosome, centromeric region intracellular membraneless organelle chromosome chromosomal region somatodendritic compartment cell projection dendrite dendritic tree neuron projection plasma membrane bounded cell projection synapse cell junction glutamatergic synapse cytoskeleton microtubule cytoskeleton cell body neuronal cell body cell periphery plasma membrane lateral plasma membrane FAR/SIN/STRIPAK complex nucleus
B	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform	protein binding binding kinase binding enzyme binding enzyme regulator activity protein phosphatase activator activity enzyme activator activity phosphatase activator activity molecular function activator activity phosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity protein phosphatase regulator activity phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity protein binding binding kinase binding enzyme binding enzyme regulator activity protein phosphatase activator activity enzyme activator activity phosphatase activator activity molecular function activator activity phosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity protein phosphatase regulator activity phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds phosphatase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity	regulation of cellular process regulation of catalytic activity regulation of lipid metabolic process negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of catalytic activity regulation of transferase activity regulation of primary metabolic process negative regulation of kinase activity regulation of lipid kinase activity negative regulation of transferase activity regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process negative regulation of cellular process regulation of cellular process regulation of catalytic activity regulation of lipid metabolic process negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of catalytic activity regulation of transferase activity regulation of primary metabolic process negative regulation of kinase activity regulation of lipid kinase activity negative regulation of transferase activity regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process negative regulation of cellular process phosphorus metabolic process negative regulation of lipid kinase activity regulation of biological process phosphorylation negative regulation of metabolic process biological regulation negative regulation of molecular function primary metabolic process regulation of molecular function regulation of kinase activity negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation regulation of phosphorus metabolic process cellular process metabolic process negative regulation of phosphorylation regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of lipid metabolic process lipid metabolic process protein localization regulation of localization cellular localization regulation of protein localization negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane localization cellular macromolecule localization regulation of protein localization to membrane negative regulation of protein localization protein localization to cell periphery protein localization to plasma membrane localization within membrane regulation of protein localization to cell periphery protein localization to membrane negative regulation of protein localization to membrane regulation of cellular localization macromolecule localization negative regulation of protein localization to cell periphery regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane protein dephosphorylation dephosphorylation macromolecule modification protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process protein modification process cellular response to stimulus response to stimulus signaling signal transduction cell communication	M band intracellular anatomical structure intracellular membraneless organelle sarcomere intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure organelle membraneless organelle contractile muscle fiber A band cytoplasm supramolecular fiber myofibril supramolecular polymer M band intracellular anatomical structure intracellular membraneless organelle sarcomere intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure organelle membraneless organelle contractile muscle fiber A band cytoplasm supramolecular fiber myofibril supramolecular polymer supramolecular complex phosphatase complex protein-containing complex catalytic complex protein phosphatase type 2A complex protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex Z disc I band centrosome microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton microtubule cytoskeleton cytosol cell periphery plasma membrane membrane chromosome, centromeric region chromosome chromosomal region membrane-bounded organelle nucleus intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
C	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform	phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds phosphatase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity protein heterodimerization activity protein binding binding protein dimerization activity signaling receptor binding GABA receptor binding phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds phosphatase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity protein heterodimerization activity protein binding binding protein dimerization activity signaling receptor binding GABA receptor binding protein tyrosine phosphatase activity myosin phosphatase activity cytoskeletal protein binding tau protein binding cation binding ion binding metal ion binding small molecule binding	cellular process cell cycle mitotic cell cycle developmental process anatomical structure development tissue development mesoderm development protein dephosphorylation dephosphorylation primary metabolic process macromolecule modification phosphate-containing compound metabolic process metabolic process protein metabolic process cellular process cell cycle mitotic cell cycle developmental process anatomical structure development tissue development mesoderm development protein dephosphorylation dephosphorylation primary metabolic process macromolecule modification phosphate-containing compound metabolic process metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process protein modification process phosphorus metabolic process regulation of growth regulation of biological process biological regulation growth regulation of protein binding regulation of molecular function regulation of binding regulation of microtubule binding multicellular organismal process multicellular organismal-level homeostasis leukocyte homeostasis T cell homeostasis homeostatic process immune system process homeostasis of number of cells lymphocyte homeostasis cellular response to stimulus positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus regulation of cellular process positive regulation of signal transduction pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly regulation of signal transduction response to biotic stimulus intracellular signal transduction cell communication cellular component biogenesis immune response-activating signaling pathway cellular component assembly inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of immune response canonical inflammasome complex assembly regulation of immune system process signal transduction positive regulation of immune system process innate immune response-activating signaling pathway positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway immune response response to other organism regulation of innate immune response response to external stimulus positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction positive regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus defense response to other organism regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly positive regulation of defense response activation of innate immune response regulation of immune response inflammatory response activation of immune response cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway regulation of defense response regulation of response to biotic stimulus biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization regulation of response to external stimulus intracellular receptor signaling pathway signaling positive regulation of biological process regulation of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of response to stimulus cellular component organization regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of response to external stimulus immune response-regulating signaling pathway regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of response to stress response to stress innate immune response protein-containing complex assembly response to external biotic stimulus cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of cellular process regulation of signaling positive regulation of innate immune response defense response protein-containing complex organization positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis defense response to symbiont regulation of cellular component biogenesis regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signaling hippo signaling negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of cell communication negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of hippo signaling negative regulation of signal transduction regulation of hippo signaling response to metal ion response to chemical response to lead ion regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulation of developmental process cellular developmental process regulation of cell differentiation mesenchyme development cell differentiation negative regulation of cell differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of developmental process animal organ development negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition epithelial to mesenchymal transition mesenchymal cell differentiation negative regulation of multicellular organismal process ribonucleotide catabolic process pyridine nucleotide catabolic process negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process negative regulation of glycolytic process oxoacid metabolic process carbohydrate catabolic process organophosphate catabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy nucleoside phosphate catabolic process organic acid metabolic process negative regulation of ATP metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of ATP metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process regulation of small molecule metabolic process glycolytic process regulation of nucleotide metabolic process regulation of phosphate metabolic process pyridine-containing compound metabolic process small molecule metabolic process negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process purine ribonucleotide catabolic process pyridine nucleotide metabolic process negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process pyruvate metabolic process regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine-containing compound catabolic process nucleotide metabolic process regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process regulation of nucleotide catabolic process regulation of phosphorus metabolic process nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolic process purine ribonucleotide metabolic process regulation of metabolic process pyridine-containing compound catabolic process ribose phosphate metabolic process catabolic process ATP metabolic process negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process purine nucleotide metabolic process ribonucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process nucleotide catabolic process ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process negative regulation of catabolic process purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process purine nucleotide catabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process carbohydrate derivative catabolic process regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate ADP catabolic process carboxylic acid metabolic process regulation of catabolic process generation of precursor metabolites and energy regulation of glycolytic process purine-containing compound metabolic process ADP metabolic process organophosphate metabolic process negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process negative regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation protein phosphorylation phosphorylation regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of catalytic activity positive regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of molecular function positive regulation of protein modification process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of protein kinase activity positive regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process positive regulation of catalytic activity regulation of protein kinase activity positive regulation of kinase activity regulation of kinase activity regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity positive regulation of protein binding positive regulation of microtubule binding positive regulation of binding regulation of cell cycle phase transition regulation of cell cycle process cell cycle phase transition regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition cell cycle G1/S phase transition regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition regulation of mitotic cell cycle regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle mitotic cell cycle process regulation of cell cycle G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle cell cycle process mitotic cell cycle phase transition sexual reproduction reproductive process meiotic cell cycle peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation	membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle phosphatase complex protein-containing complex catalytic complex protein phosphatase type 2A complex protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex cytoskeleton membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle phosphatase complex protein-containing complex catalytic complex protein phosphatase type 2A complex protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex cytoskeleton spindle membraneless organelle intracellular membraneless organelle spindle pole microtubule cytoskeleton membrane extracellular exosome extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle cytosol cell periphery plasma membrane chromosome, centromeric region chromosome chromosomal region membrane microdomain membrane raft synapse cell junction FAR/SIN/STRIPAK complex nucleus

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR016024	Armadillo-type fold	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR021133	HEAT, type 2	Repeat
A	IPR011989	Armadillo-like helical	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR051023	Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit A	Family
A	IPR000357	HEAT repeat	Repeat
B	IPR016024	Armadillo-type fold	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR002554	Protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory B subunit, B56	Family
B	IPR011989	Armadillo-like helical	Homologous Superfamily
C	IPR047129	Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase PP2A-like	Family
C	IPR004843	Calcineurin-like phosphoesterase domain, ApaH type	Domain
C	IPR029052	Metallo-dependent phosphatase-like	Homologous Superfamily
C	IPR006186	Serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase/bis(5-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: P30153	microcephaly-corpus callosum hypoplasia-intellectual disability-facial dysmorphism syndrome intellectual disability Disease Exacerbation gastric neoplasm osteoarthritis hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma osteoarthritis susceptibility 1 rheumatoid arthritis gastric cancer
B	Pharos: Q15172	large cell medulloblastoma medulloblastoma Pathological accumulation of air in tissues lung cancer osteosarcoma primitive neuroectodermal tumor malignant glioma ovarian cancer pulmonary emphysema
C	Pharos: P67775	asthma heart disease systemic lupus erythematosus adenoma astrocytic tumor coronary artery disease hereditary spastic paraplegia lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma osteosarcoma psoriasis tuberculosis allergic rhinitis atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor glioblastoma large cell medulloblastoma asthma heart disease systemic lupus erythematosus adenoma astrocytic tumor coronary artery disease hereditary spastic paraplegia lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma osteosarcoma psoriasis tuberculosis allergic rhinitis atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor glioblastoma large cell medulloblastoma malignant glioma ovarian cancer subependymal giant cell astrocytoma breast cancer lung adenocarcinoma myocardial ischemia plasma cell myeloma

Protein Modification Annotation

Modified Residue(s)
Chain	Residue(s)	Description
C	MLL	Parent Component: LEU RESID: AA0299 PSI-MOD : L-leucine methyl ester MOD:00304

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.