6PXV

Cryo-EM structure of full-length insulin receptor bound to 4 insulin. 3D refinement was focused on the extracellular region.

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	L domain-like	8032830	3001010	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Growth factor receptor domain-like	8032837	3000398	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	L domain-like	8032832	3001010	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	L domain-like	8032830	3001010	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Growth factor receptor domain-like	8032837	3000398	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	L domain-like	8032832	3001010	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	fn3_1	e6pxvA4	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: fn3_1	ECOD (1.6)
A	fn3	e6pxvA6	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: fn3	ECOD (1.6)
A	Recep_L_domain	e6pxvA5	A: beta duplicates or obligate multimers	X: Single-stranded right-handed beta-helix	H: Leucine-rich repeats (From Topology)	T: Leucine-rich repeats	F: Recep_L_domain	ECOD (1.6)
A	Furin-like_5	e6pxvA1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: EGF-like	H: Growth factor receptor domain (From Topology)	T: Growth factor receptor domain	F: Furin-like_5	ECOD (1.6)
B [auth C]	fn3_1	e6pxvC6	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: fn3_1	ECOD (1.6)
B [auth C]	fn3	e6pxvC2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: fn3	ECOD (1.6)
B [auth C]	Recep_L_domain	e6pxvC5	A: beta duplicates or obligate multimers	X: Single-stranded right-handed beta-helix	H: Leucine-rich repeats (From Topology)	T: Leucine-rich repeats	F: Recep_L_domain	ECOD (1.6)
B [auth C]	Furin-like_5	e6pxvC3	A: few secondary structure elements	X: EGF-like	H: Growth factor receptor domain (From Topology)	T: Growth factor receptor domain	F: Furin-like_5	ECOD (1.6)
D [auth E]	Insulin	e6pxvE1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: Insulin-like (From Topology)	H: Insulin-like (From Topology)	T: Insulin-like	F: Insulin	ECOD (1.6)
F [auth G]	Insulin	e6pxvG1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: Insulin-like (From Topology)	H: Insulin-like (From Topology)	T: Insulin-like	F: Insulin	ECOD (1.6)
C [auth D]	Insulin	e6pxvD1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: Insulin-like (From Topology)	H: Insulin-like (From Topology)	T: Insulin-like	F: Insulin	ECOD (1.6)
E [auth F]	Insulin	e6pxvF1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: Insulin-like (From Topology)	H: Insulin-like (From Topology)	T: Insulin-like	F: Insulin	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
D [auth E]	1.10.100.10	Mainly Alpha	Orthogonal Bundle	Insulin-like, subunit E	Insulin-like	CATH (utative)
F [auth G]	1.10.100.10	Mainly Alpha	Orthogonal Bundle	Insulin-like, subunit E	Insulin-like	CATH (utative)
C [auth D]	1.10.100.10	Mainly Alpha	Orthogonal Bundle	Insulin-like, subunit E	Insulin-like	CATH (utative)
E [auth F]	1.10.100.10	Mainly Alpha	Orthogonal Bundle	Insulin-like, subunit E	Insulin-like	CATH (utative)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, B [auth C]	PF00757	Furin-like cysteine rich region (Furin-like)	Furin-like cysteine rich region	-	Domain
A, B [auth C]	PF00041	Fibronectin type III domain (fn3)	Fibronectin type III domain	-	Domain
A, B [auth C]	PF01030	Receptor L domain (Recep_L_domain)	Receptor L domain	-	Repeat
A, B [auth C]	PF17870	Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment (Insulin_TMD)	Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment	This entry represents the trans-membrane domain (TMD) found in insulin receptor proteins. The TMD of the insulin receptor is within the beta-subunit and contains 23 amino acids. Mutations in the TMD were shown to have effects on receptor biosynthetic ...	This entry represents the trans-membrane domain (TMD) found in insulin receptor proteins. The TMD of the insulin receptor is within the beta-subunit and contains 23 amino acids. Mutations in the TMD were shown to have effects on receptor biosynthetic processing and kinase activation. Substitution of the entire TMD of the insulin receptor (IR) resulted in constitutive kinase activation in vitro, while replacing the TMD with that of glycophorin A inhibited insulin action. Structural studies show that TMD contains a helix and a kink when it is purified in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. The residues 942-948 preceding the TMD have a propensity to be a short helix and may interact with membrane [1].	Domain
C [auth D], D [auth E], E [auth F], F [auth G]	PF00049	Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family (Insulin)	Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family	Superfamily includes insulins; relaxins; insulin-like growth factor; and bombyxin. All are secreted regulatory hormones. Disulfide rich, all-alpha fold. Alignment includes B chain, linker (which is processed out of the final product), and A chain.	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, B [auth C]	Insulin receptor	protein binding binding insulin receptor substrate binding amide binding amyloid-beta binding peptide binding peptide hormone binding hormone binding insulin binding molecular transducer activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein kinase activity protein kinase activity signaling receptor activity protein binding binding insulin receptor substrate binding amide binding amyloid-beta binding peptide binding peptide hormone binding hormone binding insulin binding molecular transducer activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein kinase activity protein kinase activity signaling receptor activity transferase activity phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups protein tyrosine kinase activity transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity protein-hormone receptor activity transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity transmembrane signaling receptor activity insulin receptor activity catalytic activity PTB domain binding protein domain specific binding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding organic cyclic compound binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding protein-containing complex binding identical protein binding insulin-like growth factor receptor binding signaling receptor binding insulin-like growth factor binding insulin-like growth factor II binding growth factor binding cargo receptor activity guanyl nucleotide binding GTP binding guanyl ribonucleotide binding insulin-like growth factor I binding	developmental process multicellular organismal process gonad development reproductive system development reproductive process sex differentiation animal organ development developmental process involved in reproduction male gonad development male sex differentiation multicellular organism development development of primary male sexual characteristics development of primary sexual characteristics anatomical structure development reproductive structure development developmental process multicellular organismal process gonad development reproductive system development reproductive process sex differentiation animal organ development developmental process involved in reproduction male gonad development male sex differentiation multicellular organism development development of primary male sexual characteristics development of primary sexual characteristics anatomical structure development reproductive structure development system development regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process regulation of biological process biological regulation positive regulation of biological process reactive nitrogen species metabolic process positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process nitric oxide metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process nitric oxide biosynthetic process biosynthetic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process metabolic process regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process regulation of metabolic process cellular component disassembly positive regulation of cellular component organization regulation of cellular process regulation of cellular component organization protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex disassembly regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly cellular component organization cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly positive regulation of cellular process behavior system process learning learning or memory nervous system process cognition localization import into cell receptor internalization transport receptor-mediated endocytosis endocytosis establishment of localization vesicle-mediated transport positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of catalytic activity regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process protein modification process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation protein phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation cellular metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process primary metabolic process regulation of molecular function positive regulation of kinase activity regulation of kinase activity activation of protein kinase activity macromolecule modification regulation of phosphorus metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of molecular function positive regulation of protein modification process protein metabolic process activation of protein kinase B activity positive regulation of protein kinase activity positive regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of catalytic activity regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms symbiont entry into host cell viral process symbiont entry into host viral life cycle biological process involved in interaction with host biological process involved in symbiotic interaction regulation of growth regulation of developmental growth regulation of developmental process developmental growth growth positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of growth positive regulation of developmental growth memory positive regulation of organelle organization regulation of mitotic nuclear division positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division mitotic cell cycle regulation of mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of cell cycle process cell cycle regulation of cell cycle cell cycle process mitotic nuclear division regulation of cell cycle process organelle fission positive regulation of nuclear division regulation of organelle organization positive regulation of cell cycle organelle organization nuclear division mitotic cell cycle process regulation of nuclear division protein autophosphorylation heart development heart morphogenesis circulatory system development anatomical structure morphogenesis animal organ morphogenesis digestive system development gland development exocrine pancreas development pancreas development exocrine system development positive regulation of respiratory burst respiratory burst regulation of respiratory burst cellular biosynthetic process RNA metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of meiotic cell cycle sexual reproduction regulation of reproductive process meiotic cell cycle positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle positive regulation of reproductive process circulatory system process vascular process in circulatory system vascular transport transport across blood-brain barrier chemical homeostasis homeostatic process glucose homeostasis carbohydrate homeostasis pyridine nucleotide catabolic process oxoacid metabolic process carbohydrate catabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process organophosphate catabolic process regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy nucleoside phosphate catabolic process organic acid metabolic process regulation of ATP metabolic process cellular catabolic process regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process regulation of small molecule metabolic process regulation of nucleotide metabolic process small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleotide catabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process pyruvate metabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine-containing compound catabolic process regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process positive regulation of ATP metabolic process nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolic process pyridine-containing compound catabolic process ribose phosphate metabolic process ATP metabolic process positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process purine nucleotide catabolic process carbohydrate derivative catabolic process positive regulation of glycolytic process purine-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process ADP metabolic process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process ribonucleotide catabolic process positive regulation of nucleotide catabolic process glycolytic process pyridine-containing compound metabolic process pyridine nucleotide metabolic process nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process regulation of nucleotide catabolic process nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process purine ribonucleotide metabolic process catabolic process positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process purine nucleotide metabolic process ribonucleotide metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process nucleotide catabolic process purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process ADP catabolic process carboxylic acid metabolic process generation of precursor metabolites and energy regulation of catabolic process regulation of glycolytic process positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process organophosphate metabolic process regulation of cellular catabolic process positive regulation of cellular catabolic process positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process sex determination male sex determination positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process carbohydrate biosynthetic process hexose metabolic process positive regulation of glucose metabolic process positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process energy reserve metabolic process regulation of glycogen metabolic process monosaccharide metabolic process regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process glucan biosynthetic process energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds regulation of glucan biosynthetic process regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process polysaccharide metabolic process glucan metabolic process regulation of glucose metabolic process polysaccharide biosynthetic process glycogen metabolic process glycogen biosynthetic process regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process glucose metabolic process regulation of localization regulation of receptor internalization positive regulation of endocytosis positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis regulation of endocytosis regulation of transport regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis regulation of vesicle-mediated transport positive regulation of receptor internalization positive regulation of transport amyloid-beta clearance epidermis development tissue development cellular response to stimulus positive regulation of cell communication regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction positive regulation of signal transduction response to stimulus signaling regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette signal transduction regulation of signaling positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction regulation of response to stimulus regulation of cell communication phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction positive regulation of signaling regulation of gonad development development of primary female sexual characteristics regulation of female gonad development regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of multicellular organismal development female gonad development female sex differentiation cell population proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation peptidyl-tyrosine modification peptidyl-amino acid modification peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation regulation of MAP kinase activity positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity positive regulation of MAP kinase activity positive regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity MAPK cascade dendritic spine maintenance dendritic spine organization postsynapse organization plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization cell projection organization cellular component maintenance cell junction organization neuron projection organization synapse organization adrenal gland development endocrine system development cellular response to nitrogen compound response to peptide hormone insulin receptor signaling pathway cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to hormone enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway cellular response to hormone stimulus cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to endogenous stimulus response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus response to nitrogen compound cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to chemical stimulus response to chemical response to insulin cellular response to insulin stimulus cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to growth factor positive regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility positive regulation of cell migration regulation of locomotion positive regulation of cell motility regulation of cell migration cell migration cell motility locomotion positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of embryonic development embryo development G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway neuron projection maintenance hexose transmembrane transport D-glucose import carbohydrate transport positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport positive regulation of transmembrane transport regulation of D-glucose import positive regulation of D-glucose import transmembrane transport regulation of transmembrane transport D-glucose transmembrane transport regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport monosaccharide transmembrane transport carbohydrate transmembrane transport	cell periphery cell surface membrane plasma membrane cellular anatomical entity external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cell periphery cell surface membrane plasma membrane cellular anatomical entity external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex receptor complex endosome membrane intracellular anatomical structure endosome intracellular vesicle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular organelle cytoplasmic vesicle membrane bounding membrane of organelle vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle cytoplasm organelle membrane somatodendritic compartment neuronal cell body membrane cell body cell body membrane neuronal cell body axon cell projection neuron projection plasma membrane bounded cell projection membrane microdomain membrane raft plasma membrane raft plasma membrane region caveola lytic vacuole vacuole lysosome cell leading edge leading edge membrane neuron projection membrane dendrite membrane dendrite dendritic tree cell projection membrane catalytic complex plasma membrane protein complex membrane protein complex transferase complex protein kinase complex transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups insulin receptor complex plasma membrane signaling receptor complex late endosome
C [auth D], D [auth E], E [auth F], F [auth G]	Insulin	hormone activity protein binding binding molecular function activator activity signaling receptor binding molecular function regulator activity signaling receptor regulator activity receptor ligand activity signaling receptor activator activity	cellular response to stimulus cellular response to chemical stimulus response to stimulus response to chemical response to oxygen-containing compound cellular process cellular response to oxygen-containing compound monosaccharide metabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process hexose metabolic process small molecule metabolic process metabolic process primary metabolic process glucose metabolic process	extracellular region cellular anatomical entity

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, B [auth C]	IPR008266	Tyrosine-protein kinase, active site	Active Site
A, B [auth C]	IPR020635	Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain	Domain
A, B [auth C]	IPR000719	Protein kinase domain	Domain
A, B [auth C]	IPR036941	Receptor L-domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B [auth C]	IPR006212	Furin-like repeat	Repeat
A, B [auth C]	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
A, B [auth C]	IPR000494	Receptor L-domain	Domain
A, B [auth C]	IPR017441	Protein kinase, ATP binding site	Binding Site
A, B [auth C]	IPR001245	Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain	Domain
A, B [auth C]	IPR002011	Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site	Conserved Site
A, B [auth C]	IPR003961	Fibronectin type III	Domain
A, B [auth C]	IPR011009	Protein kinase-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B [auth C]	IPR006211	Furin-like cysteine-rich domain	Domain
A, B [auth C]	IPR009030	Growth factor receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B [auth C]	IPR050122	Receptor Tyrosine Kinase	Family
A, B [auth C]	IPR016246	Tyrosine-protein kinase, insulin-like receptor	Family
A, B [auth C]	IPR040969	Insulin receptor, trans-membrane domain	Domain
A, B [auth C]	IPR036116	Fibronectin type III superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
C [auth D], D [auth E], E [auth F], F [auth G]	IPR022352	Insulin family	Family
C [auth D], D [auth E], E [auth F], F [auth G]	IPR004825	Insulin	Family
C [auth D], D [auth E], E [auth F], F [auth G]	IPR022353	Insulin, conserved site	Conserved Site
C [auth D], D [auth E], E [auth F], F [auth G]	IPR036438	Insulin-like superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
C [auth D], D [auth E], E [auth F], F [auth G]	IPR016179	Insulin-like	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A, B [auth C]	Pharos: P06213	Donohue syndrome type 2 diabetes mellitus hyperinsulinism due to INSR deficiency Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome Insulin Resistance Alzheimer disease glucose intolerance hyperinsulinism insulin-resistance syndrome type A polycystic ovary syndrome Parkinson disease diabetic autonomic neuropathy diabetic neuropathy congenital diaphragmatic hernia hyperglycemia Donohue syndrome type 2 diabetes mellitus hyperinsulinism due to INSR deficiency Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome Insulin Resistance Alzheimer disease glucose intolerance hyperinsulinism insulin-resistance syndrome type A polycystic ovary syndrome Parkinson disease diabetic autonomic neuropathy diabetic neuropathy congenital diaphragmatic hernia hyperglycemia diabetic polyneuropathy Lewy body dementia diabetes mellitus psoriasis spina bifida intellectual disability substance-related disorder lung disease acquired metabolic disease drug dependence malignant glioma maturity-onset diabetes of the young osteogenesis imperfecta glioblastoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia hypertensive disorder substance dependence large cell medulloblastoma type 1 diabetes mellitus malignant mesothelioma esophageal adenocarcinoma osteosarcoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm plasma cell myeloma dermatomyositis hypothyroidism Sjogren syndrome substance abuse malignant ependymoma malignant pancreatic neoplasm exocrine pancreatic carcinoma astrocytic tumor gastric adenocarcinoma ovarian cancer breast cancer pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia