Chlorotoxin

UniProtKB accession:  P45639

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UniProtKB description:  This toxin binds to the surface of glioma cells, and inhibits their proliferation without having effects on normal brain cells. In this context, this toxin has been described as a chloride channel inhibitor (probably ClC-3/CLCN3) by causing its internalization via caveolae (PubMed:16520829). It has also been described to selectively interact with MMP2 (in complex with MT1-MMP (MMP14) and TIMP2), to inhibit its enzymatic activity and to decrease its presence at the cell surface (PubMed:12454020). Additionally, annexin A2 that is expressed on the surface of multiple human tumor cell lines and vascular endothelial cells in culture may be another molecular target, since surface binding of this peptide to the pancreatic tumor cell line Panc-1 is dependent on the expression of annexin A2 using siRNA-mediated specific knockdown of annexin A2 levels (PubMed:20018898).