ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

Created:	1999-07-08
Last modified:	2021-03-01

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Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Systematic Name (OpenEye OEToolkits)	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER

Chemical Descriptors
Type	Program	Version	Descriptor
SMILES	ACDLabs	12.01	Oc1ccc(cc1O)C(O)CNC
SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[CH](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNCC(c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
Canonical SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Canonical SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI	1.03	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	InChI	1.03	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved investigational vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinefrina Epinefrin Levoepinephrine Epinephrine acetate Epinephrine (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol 1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R)- Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Epirenamine Epinephrinum (R)-(-)-Adnephrine Epinephrin BENZYL ALCOHOL, 3,4-DIHYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-, (-)- (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Epinephrine bitartrate (R)-(−)-adrenaline Adrénaline 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol RACEPINEFRINE, (R)- 4-((1R)-1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOL (−)-adrenaline (−)-(R)-epinephrine Epinephrine hydrochloride L-Adrenaline
Brand Names	Articadent Ultracaine DS Inj Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Primatene Mist Refill Eurneffy Xylocaine Medihaler-Epi Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Leep RediKit Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Gingi-pak Pellets Octocaine 100 Septanest N Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Ultacan Forte EPY II Kit Orabloc 1:200,000 Epipen Jr Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Marcaine With Epinephrine SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Lignospan Forte Septanest Sp Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Dysne Inhal The Solution Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Adyphren Amp Kit Lignospan Speciale Inj Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Epinephrine Injection USP Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Orostat 8% Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine with epinephrine Sensorcaine Forte Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector QKit Procedure Tray Neffy Sensorcaine Lignospan Standard E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics Epipen LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride) Emerade Allerject Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Minnerva II Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Epinephrine Professional EMS Epinephrine Chloride Solution Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Ultacan Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Marcaine E Marcaine with Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Blue Gel Anesthetic EpiPen Ana-kit Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Twinject Vivacaine 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Adyphren Amp II Kit Lidocaine Auvi-Q EpinephrineSnap-EMS Ultracaine D-S Injection Orabloc Articaine Ephinephrine Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Epinephrine 0.3 Adults Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Symjepi Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Xylocaine MPF Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Prime Asthma Relief Zorcaine Septocaine Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Epinephrinesnap-V Epinephrine Convenience Kit E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Articaine HCl and Epinephrine EPY Kit Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Adrenalin Lixtraxen 1% Octocaine 50 Vasocaine Lidosite 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Gingi-pak Cotton Coil LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE EpinephrineSnap-V Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Epinephrine Professional Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Taroclick Epinephrine E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Spinal Anesthesia Tray Epinephrine Injection Primatene Mist Crown-pak Max 4-ply CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Anapen Junior Pro Numb Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Adrenaclick E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Epinephrine Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Citanest Forte DENTAL Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Orabloc 1:100,000 Adrenalin (epinephrine) Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml LIDOCAINE HCl Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Adrenalin Topical Solution Posicaine N Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Anapen Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 D-Care 100X Sensorcaine Mpf Pro Numb Sensitive Skin Numquick Analgesic Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine EpiPen Jr Marcaine Numquick Topical Analgesic E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Scandonest 2% Special Inj Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Posicaine Sp Adrenalin(r) Citanest Forte 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Adrenalin Vials E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Zone 2 Septocaine and Epinephrine Adyphren Kit Lidocaine Hci Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Basic Dental Emergency Kit Epinephrine Pediatrics Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Adyphren II Kit Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Indication	Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MFRQEQPLAEGSFAPMGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLT...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682