Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Zorcaine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Sensorcaine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Adyphren Kit
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Lignospan Forte
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Epinephrine Injection USP
Twinject
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
LIDOCAINE HCl
Adrenalin(r)
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Xylocaine MPF
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Orabloc 1:200,000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Epinephrine
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Septanest Sp
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Gingi-pak Pellets
Sensorcaine Mpf
Symjepi
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Lidosite
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Injection
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Septanest N
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hci
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
EPY Kit
Emerade
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Numquick Analgesic
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Articaine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Allerject
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Primatene Mist
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Anapen Junior
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Sensorcaine Forte
Epinephrinesnap-V
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Adyphren II Kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Ana-kit
Adrenalin
Xylocaine
D-Care 100X
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
QKit Procedure Tray
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Octocaine 50
Orabloc
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Octocaine 100
Epipen Jr
Lignospan Standard
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Posicaine N
Ultracaine DS Inj
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Taroclick Epinephrine
Vasocaine
Orostat 8%
Ephinephrine
Dysne Inhal
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
EpinephrineSnap-V
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpiPen Jr
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Professional
Septocaine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Prime Asthma Relief
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lixtraxen 1%
EpiPen
Orabloc 1:100,000
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Marcaine E
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Lidocaine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Minnerva II
Articadent
Pro Numb
Posicaine Sp
Adrenaclick
Adyphren Amp Kit
Leep RediKit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Ultacan Forte
Vivacaine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
EPY II Kit
Anapen
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Primatene Mist Refill
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
The Solution
Citanest Forte
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Zone 2
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Marcaine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ultacan
Medihaler-Epi
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682