ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

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is present as a standalone ligand in 8 entries

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Identifiers	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinephrine bitartrate Epinephrin Epinefrina Levoepinephrine Epinephrine acetate Epinefrin Adrénaline 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (−)-(R)-epinephrine (R)-(-)-Epirenamine (R)-(-)-Epinephrine (R)-(-)-Adnephrine Epinephrinum Epinephrine hydrochloride Epinephrine L-Adrenaline (−)-adrenaline (R)-(−)-adrenaline (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol Adrenaline
Brand Names	Adrenalin Topical Solution Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Sensorcaine Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Lidocaine Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Articadent Xylocaine MPF Adrenalin Marcaine E Marcaine with Epinephrine E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Posicaine Sp Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Adyphren Amp Kit Marcaine Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Medihaler-Epi 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Citanest Forte Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Octocaine 100 Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Lidocaine Hci Orostat 8% Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Prime Asthma Relief Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Gingi-pak Pellets Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Epipen Adrenaclick Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Adrenalin (epinephrine) Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Spinal Anesthesia Tray Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Leep RediKit Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Xylocaine with epinephrine EPY II Kit Lignospan Forte Twinject Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Septocaine and Epinephrine E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Crown-pak Max 4-ply Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Ultracaine DS Forte Inj EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Epinephrinesnap-V Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Septanest N Octocaine 50 The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief The Solution Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Epinephrine Professional Vivacaine EPY Kit Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Citanest Forte DENTAL LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Epinephrine Convenience Kit Ultacan E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Ana-kit Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Taroclick Epinephrine Epinephrine Professional EMS Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Epinephrine 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Numquick Analgesic EpinephrineSnap-V Epinephrine Injection USP Articaine Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Marcaine With Epinephrine Ultacan Forte Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label EpinephrineSnap-EMS Adyphren Amp II Kit Epinephrine Injection Dysne Inhal Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Sensorcaine Mpf Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Xylocaine Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Epinephrine Chloride Solution Primatene Mist Basic Dental Emergency Kit Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Numquick Topical Analgesic Septanest Sp Lignospan Standard 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Sensorcaine Forte Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Lixtraxen 1% Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Auvi-Q Pro Numb Orabloc 1:100,000 Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Orabloc Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Zone 2 E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Symjepi Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Posicaine N D-Care 100X Scandonest 2% Special Inj Lidosite Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Adyphren Kit Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Minnerva II Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Vasocaine EpiPen Jr Lignospan Speciale Inj Adrenalin(r) Epipen Jr Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Emerade Allerject EpiPen Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Adyphren II Kit Anapen Ultracaine D-S Injection Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Zorcaine Anapen Junior CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit LIDOCAINE HCl Orabloc 1:200,000 Primatene Mist Refill QKit Procedure Tray Blue Gel Anesthetic Ultracaine DS Inj Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Ephinephrine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Septocaine
Indication	Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Inhibitors OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682