ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

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is present as a standalone ligand in 8 entries

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Identifiers	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	vet_approved approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinefrina (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Epinephrinum (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol Epinephrine bitartrate L-Adrenaline Adrenaline Epinephrine Epinephrine acetate (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (R)-(−)-adrenaline (−)-(R)-epinephrine 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (R)-(-)-Adnephrine (−)-adrenaline Epinephrin Levoepinephrine Epinefrin Epinephrine hydrochloride (R)-(-)-Epirenamine Adrénaline
Brand Names	Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Sensorcaine Mpf Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Sensorcaine With Epinephrine D-Care 100X Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Orabloc 1:100,000 Vivacaine Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine EpinephrineSnap-EMS EpiPen Jr Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Adrenaclick Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Adyphren II Kit Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Adrenalin(r) Adyphren Amp II Kit EPY II Kit LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Primatene Mist Gingi-pak Pellets Marcaine Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Septocaine Orostat 8% Prime Asthma Relief EpiPen EpinephrineSnap-V QKit Procedure Tray Lidocaine Spinal Anesthesia Tray Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Epinephrine Professional Septanest Sp Twinject Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Articadent Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Adrenalin Topical Solution Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Zorcaine Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Octocaine 50 Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Primatene Mist Refill Orabloc 1:200,000 Adrenalin (epinephrine) Anapen Junior The Solution Taroclick Epinephrine Blue Gel Anesthetic Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Numquick Topical Analgesic Ephinephrine Epinephrine Convenience Kit LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Sensorcaine Ultacan Forte CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Adyphren Amp Kit Ultacan Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Adyphren Kit Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Septocaine and Epinephrine Lignospan Standard Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Basic Dental Emergency Kit Epinephrine Professional EMS Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Lignospan Forte Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Epipen Xylocaine Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Articaine Epinephrine Injection USP Leep RediKit LIDOCAINE HCl Citanest Forte DENTAL Minnerva II Epinephrinesnap-V Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Marcaine E Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Emerade Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Marcaine With Epinephrine Allerject Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Gingi-pak Max 2-ply 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 EPY Kit Dysne Inhal Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Lidosite Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Orabloc Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Anapen Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Xylocaine MPF Scandonest 2% Special Inj Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Ana-kit EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Adrenalin Numquick Analgesic Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Symjepi Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Lignospan Speciale Inj Auvi-Q Epinephrine Epinephrine Chloride Solution Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Xylocaine with epinephrine Pro Numb Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Epipen Jr Lixtraxen 1% Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Vasocaine Posicaine N E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Sensorcaine Forte Zone 2 The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Crown-pak Max 4-ply Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Octocaine 100 Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Ultracaine D-S Injection 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Ultracaine DS Inj Lidocaine Hci Marcaine with Epinephrine Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Citanest Forte Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Epinephrine Injection Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Posicaine Sp Medihaler-Epi Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Septanest N Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Indication	Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Inhibitors OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682