ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

Created:	1999-07-08
Last modified:	2021-03-01

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8 entries where ALE is found as a standalone ligand

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Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

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Toggle Hydrogen Toggle Labels

Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Systematic Name (OpenEye OEToolkits)	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER

Chemical Descriptors
Type	Program	Version	Descriptor
SMILES	ACDLabs	12.01	Oc1ccc(cc1O)C(O)CNC
SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[CH](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNCC(c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
Canonical SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Canonical SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI	1.03	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	InChI	1.03	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinephrine hydrochloride (R)-(-)-Adrenaline Epinephrin (−)-adrenaline BENZYL ALCOHOL, 3,4-DIHYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-, (-)- (R)-(-)-Adnephrine Epinefrin Epinephrinum L-Adrenaline Epinefrina (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol (R)-(−)-adrenaline 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol Levoepinephrine (R)-(-)-Epirenamine Epinephrine bitartrate (−)-(R)-epinephrine Epinephrine acetate 4-((1R)-1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOL Epinephrine RACEPINEFRINE, (R)- 1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R)- (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Adrénaline Adrenaline
Brand Names	Adyphren II Kit Xylocaine with epinephrine Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit LIDOCAINE HCl Septanest N Sensorcaine Forte E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Ultracaine D-S Injection Vivacaine EPY II Kit Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Epinephrine Pediatrics Dysne Inhal Lignospan Forte EpinephrineSnap-V Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Taroclick Epinephrine Epinephrine Injection Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Lixtraxen 1% Septanest Sp Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Articaine The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Epinephrine Professional Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Lignospan Standard Numquick Topical Analgesic Epinephrine Injection USP Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Neffy Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Epinephrine Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Ultracaine DS Inj Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride) E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Marcaine With Epinephrine Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Emerade Adrenalin Vials Adrenalin(r) Epinephrine 0.3 Adults Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label The Solution Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Septocaine Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Orostat 8% Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Citanest Forte E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Adrenalin Topical Solution Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Medihaler-Epi Xylocaine Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Lidosite EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 QKit Procedure Tray Posicaine Sp Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 EpiPen Jr Crown-pak Max 4-ply Citanest Forte DENTAL Marcaine Pro Numb E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Adrenaclick Adrenalin Sensorcaine Posicaine N Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Ana-kit LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Marcaine with Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Epinephrine Convenience Kit Ultacan Forte Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Symjepi 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Leep RediKit Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Anapen Junior Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Adyphren Kit Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Blue Gel Anesthetic Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Ephinephrine Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Xylocaine MPF Scandonest 2% Special Inj Septocaine and Epinephrine Prime Asthma Relief Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Orabloc 1:100,000 Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Adyphren Amp Kit Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Octocaine 50 Auvi-Q Ultacan Spinal Anesthesia Tray Epinephrine Chloride Solution Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit EpiPen Gingi-pak Pellets Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Primatene Mist Refill Zone 2 Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Basic Dental Emergency Kit SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP D-Care 100X Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Sensorcaine Mpf Twinject Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Zorcaine Epipen Orabloc Allerject Lidocaine Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Primatene Mist Adrenalin (epinephrine) Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Marcaine E Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Anapen Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Epipen Jr Lignospan Speciale Inj Adyphren Amp II Kit Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Vasocaine Orabloc 1:200,000 Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Numquick Analgesic Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Epinephrinesnap-V Lidocaine Hci Articadent Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine EpinephrineSnap-EMS E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 EPY Kit Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Epinephrine Professional EMS E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Minnerva II Octocaine 100
Indication	Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MFRQEQPLAEGSFAPMGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLT...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682