Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Primatene Mist
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Epinephrine
Neffy
Septocaine
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Vivacaine
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
EPY Kit
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Orabloc
Vasocaine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Prime Asthma Relief
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenalin(r)
Ultracaine DS Inj
Articadent
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Minnerva II
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Zone 2
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Epipen
Leep RediKit
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Orostat 8%
Taroclick Epinephrine
Ultacan
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
D-Care 100X
Sensorcaine Forte
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Ana-kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Lignospan Forte
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Gingi-pak Pellets
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Orabloc 1:100,000
EpiPen Jr
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Anapen
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Numquick Analgesic
Twinject
Sensorcaine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
EpiPen
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Citanest Forte
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Ultacan Forte
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Lixtraxen 1%
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Posicaine Sp
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Octocaine 50
Lignospan Standard
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
QKit Procedure Tray
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Adrenaclick
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Septanest N
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Articaine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Dysne Inhal
Epinephrine Injection
Anapen Junior
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Epinephrine Professional
The Solution
Adrenalin
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Adrenalin Vials
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
EpinephrineSnap-V
Xylocaine
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Xylocaine MPF
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Sensorcaine Mpf
Epipen Jr
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Adyphren Amp Kit
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Primatene Mist Refill
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Adyphren II Kit
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Lidosite
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Epinephrine Injection USP
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Orabloc 1:200,000
Medihaler-Epi
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Epinephrinesnap-V
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Emerade
Symjepi
EPY II Kit
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Marcaine E
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Ephinephrine
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Lidocaine Hci
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine
Posicaine N
Zorcaine
Adyphren Kit
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Marcaine
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Auvi-Q
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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