Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid. On October 30, 2020, mannitol was approved by the FDA as add-on maintenance therapy for the control of pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis in adult patients and is currently marketed for this indication under the name BRONCHITOL® by Chiesi USA Inc.[L20024]
Synonyms
D-(-)-Mannitol
Mannit
Manitol
Mannite
Mannitol
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Manna Sugar
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol
D-Mannitol
Mannitolum
Brand Names
Sorbitol Mannitol Irrigation
Qr Pain
Curestem Cell Healer C5 Program
Mannitol
MTL1 Leucoflex
Curestem Cell Healer C10 Program
Sag-mannitol Solution
ADSOL Red Cell Preservation Solution System in Plastic Container (PL 146 Plastic)
Sorbitol-Mannitol
TERUFLEX Blood Bag System with Blood Sampling Arm Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) AND OPTISOL (AS-5) Red Cell Preservative
Resectisol (5% Mannitol Irrigation)
IMUFLEX WB-SP Blood Bag System with Integral Whole Blood Leukocyte Reduction Filter (Saving Platelets) with Diversion Blood Sampling Arm Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) and OPTISOL (AS-5) Red Cell Preservative
GD11 Rx SCM C5
Cystosol W 3% Hexitols
Cpd/adsol
Osmitrol Injection 20%
Mannitol Injection USP
TERUFLEX Blood Bag System Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) AND OPTISOL Red Cell Preservative
Osmitrol
TERUFLEX Blood Bag System with Diversion Blood Sampling Arm Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) AND OPTISOL (AS-5) Red Cell Preservative
CPD/ADSOL Red Cell Preservation Solution System (PL 2209)
IMUFLEX WB-RP Blood Bag System with Integral Whole Blood Leukocyte Reduction Filter (Removing Platelets) with Diversion Blood Sampling Arm Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) AND OPTISOL (AS-5) Red Cell Preservative
Indication
Used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established, the reduction of intracranial pressure, the treatment of cerebral edema, and the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances. Mannitol is also indicated as add-on maintenance therapy for improving pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis patients aged 18 and over who have passed the BRONCHITOL tolerance test (BTT). It is recommended that patients take an orally inhaled short-acting bronchodilator 5-15 minutes prior to every inhaled mannitol dose.[L20024]
Categories
Agents causing hyperkalemia
Alcohols
Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
Blood and Blood Forming Organs
Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
Carbohydrates
Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
