Download MendeleyCrystal Structure and Mechanistic Implications of N2-(2-Carboxyethyl)Arginine Synthase, the First Enzyme in the Clavulanic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway
Caines, M.E.C., Elkins, J.M., Hewitson, K.S., Schofield, C.J.(2004) J Biol Chem 279: 5685
- PubMed: 14623876
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M310803200
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
1UPA, 1UPB, 1UPC - PubMed Abstract:
The initial step in the biosynthesis of the clinically important beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid involves condensation of two primary metabolites, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine, to give N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine, a beta-amino acid. This unusual N-C bond forming reaction is catalyzed by the thiamin diphosphate (ThP2)-dependent enzyme N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase. Here we report the crystal structure of N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase, complexed with ThP2 and Mg2+, to 2.35-A resolution. The structure was solved in two space groups, P2(1)2(1)2(1) and P2(1)2(1)2. In both, the enzyme is observed in a tetrameric form, composed of a dimer of two more tightly associated dimers, consistent with both mass spectrometric and gel filtration chromatography studies. Both ThP2 and Mg2+ cofactors are present at the active site, with ThP2 in a "V" conformation as in related enzymes. A sulfate anion is observed in the active site of the enzyme in a location proposed as a binding site for the phosphate group of the d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate substrate. The mechanistic implications of the active site arrangement are discussed, including the potential role of the aminopyrimidine ring of the ThP2. The structure will form a basis for future mechanistic and structural studies, as well as engineering aimed at production of alternative beta-amino acids.
Organizational Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
