6GV0 | pdb_00006gv0

Insulin glulisine

• PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6GV0/pdb

• Classification: HORMONE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli K-12
• Mutation(s): Yes 


• Deposited: 2018-06-20 Released: 2019-07-03 
• Deposition Author(s): Chayen, N.E., Helliwell, J.R., Solomon-Gamsu, H.V., Govada, L., Morgan, M., Gillis, R.B., Adams, G.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.26 Å
• R-Value Free: 
  0.152 (Depositor), 0.152 (DCC) 
• R-Value Work: 
  0.128 (Depositor), 0.133 (DCC) 
• R-Value Observed: 
  0.129 (Depositor) 

Starting Model: experimental

Literature

Analysis of insulin glulisine at the molecular level by X-ray crystallography and biophysical techniques.

Gillis, R.B., Solomon, H.V., Govada, L., Oldham, N.J., Dinu, V., Jiwani, S.I., Gyasi-Antwi, P., Coffey, F., Meal, A., Morgan, P.S., Harding, S.E., Helliwell, J.R., Chayen, N.E., Adams, G.G.

(2021) Sci Rep 11: 1737-1737

• PubMed: 33462295 
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81251-2
• Primary Citation Related Structures: 
  6GV0


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

  This study concerns glulisine, a rapid-acting insulin analogue that plays a fundamental role in diabetes management. We have applied a combination of methods namely X-ray crystallography, and biophysical characterisation to provide a detailed insight into the structure and function of glulisine. X-ray data provided structural information to a resolution of 1.26 Å. Crystals belonged to the H3 space group with hexagonal (centred trigonal) cell dimensions a = b = 82.44 and c = 33.65 Å with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. A unique position of D21Glu, not present in other fast-acting analogues, pointing inwards rather than to the outside surface was observed. This reduces interactions with neighbouring molecules thereby increasing preference of the dimer form. Sedimentation velocity/equilibrium studies revealed a trinary system of dimers and hexamers/dihexamers in dynamic equilibrium. This new information may lead to better understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of glulisine which might aid in improving formulation regarding its fast-acting role and reducing side effects of this drug.

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Organizational Affiliation: 
• Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK. [e-mail].
Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.
Universitetet I Oslo, St. Olavs plass, Postboks 6762, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. [e-mail].
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK. [e-mail].

Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Dihedral - D3  (Explore in 3D)
Global Stoichiometry: Hetero 12-mer - A6B6 Pseudo Symmetry: Cyclic - C3  (Explore in 3D)
Pseudo Stoichiometry: Hetero 12-mer - A6B3C3 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors and generated by PISA (software)

Macromolecule Content 

• Total Structure Weight: 11.89 kDa 
• Atom Count: 931 
• Modeled Residue Count: 100 
• Deposited Residue Count: 102 
• Unique protein chains: 2

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Insulin	A [auth G], C [auth I]	21	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: INS
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308  Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308 GTEx:  ENSG00000254647

Entity ID: 2
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Insulin	B, D	30	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 2  Gene Names: INS
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308  Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308 GTEx:  ENSG00000254647

Small Molecules

Ligands 2 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
ZN	E [auth B], F [auth D]	ZINC ION Zn PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FMT	G [auth D], H [auth D]	FORMIC ACID C H2 O2 BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.26 Å
• R-Value Free:  0.152 (Depositor), 0.152 (DCC) 
• R-Value Work:  0.128 (Depositor), 0.133 (DCC) 
• R-Value Observed: 0.129 (Depositor) 

Diffraction Data: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4456817

Space Group: H 3

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 82.44	α = 90
b = 82.44	β = 90
c = 33.65	γ = 120

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
PHENIX	refinement
MOSFLM	data reduction
SCALA	data scaling
PHASER	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 2019-07-03 
Deposition Author(s): Chayen, N.E., Helliwell, J.R., Solomon-Gamsu, H.V., Govada, L., Morgan, M., Gillis, R.B., Adams, G.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2019-07-03
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2021-02-10
  Changes: Database references, Derived calculations
• Version 1.2: 2024-01-17
  Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description, Source and taxonomy
• Version 1.3: 2024-11-06
  Changes: Structure summary