Download MendeleyCrystal structures of hydroxymethylbilane synthase complexed with a substrate analog: a single substrate-binding site for four consecutive condensation steps.
Sato, H., Sugishima, M., Tsukaguchi, M., Masuko, T., Iijima, M., Takano, M., Omata, Y., Hirabayashi, K., Wada, K., Hisaeda, Y., Yamamoto, K.(2021) Biochem J 478: 1023-1042
- PubMed: 33600566
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20200996
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
7CCX, 7CCY, 7CCZ, 7CD0 - PubMed Abstract:
Hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), which is involved in the heme biosynthesis pathway, has a dipyrromethane cofactor and combines four porphobilinogen (PBG) molecules to form a linear tetrapyrrole, hydroxymethylbilane. Enzyme kinetic study of human HMBS using a PBG-derivative, 2-iodoporphobilinogen (2-I-PBG), exhibited noncompetitive inhibition with the inhibition constant being 5.4 ± 0.3 µM. To elucidate the reaction mechanism of HMBS in detail, crystal structure analysis of 2-I-PBG-bound holo-HMBS and its reaction intermediate possessing two PBG molecules (ES2), and inhibitor-free ES2 was performed at 2.40, 2.31, and 1.79 Å resolution, respectively. Their overall structures are similar to that of inhibitor-free holo-HMBS, and the differences are limited near the active site. In both 2-I-PBG-bound structures, 2-I-PBG is located near the terminus of the cofactor or the tetrapyrrole chain. The propionate group of 2-I-PBG interacts with the side chain of Arg173, and its acetate group is associated with the side chains of Arg26 and Ser28. Furthermore, the aminomethyl group and pyrrole nitrogen of 2-I-PBG form hydrogen bonds with the side chains of Gln34 and Asp99, respectively. These amino acid residues form a single substrate-binding site, where each of the four PBG molecules covalently binds to the cofactor (or oligopyrrole chain) consecutively, ultimately forming a hexapyrrole chain. Molecular dynamics simulation of the ES2 intermediate suggested that the thermal fluctuation of the lid and cofactor-binding loops causes substrate recruitment and oligopyrrole chain shift needed for consecutive condensation. Finally, the hexapyrrole chain is hydrolyzed self-catalytically to produce hydroxymethylbilane.
Organizational Affiliation:
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
